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Fuat AYDOĞDU

Fuat AYDOĞDU

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Gene-Environment Interaction in Major Depressive Disorder

Beyza Şanal Güngör, Ali Güngör

Review Volume 6 Issue 2 30 June 2024 Pages 240-265 10.47793/hp.1350943
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Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder worldwide, characterized by a pervasive feeling of low mood that diminishes one's capacity over time. The etiology of MDD involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to scrutinize MDD through the lens of gene-environment interaction, considering it as one of the most significant mental disorders globally. In this research, articles sourced in English and Turkish, employing keywords such as "major depressive disorder", "depression", "epigenetics", "depression and epigenetics", "depression and genetics", and "depression and environment" from databases including DergiPark, Google Scholar, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, TR Index, and Web of Science were reviewed as full text. Epigenetic mechanisms were examined with an emphasis on gene-environment interaction studies in the existing literature. The clinical manifestation arising from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors was deliberated within the study's framework. Accordingly, it is noted that a specific single genetic factor causing the disorder cannot be identified. While adverse environmental experiences have significant effects on genetic expression, individual differences can substantially modify the situation. A comprehensive gene-environment interaction model should encompass mechanisms of interaction between genetic polymorphisms, DNA methylation, and environmental influences such as stressors. It is anticipated that furnishing a comprehensive overview of MSD and gene-environment interaction in this study will enrich comprehension of the disease's nature, thereby enhancing individuals' quality of life, yielding notable cost alleviations through diminished disease burden, and curbing morbidity and mortality.

Keywords

major depressive disorder epigenetics gene-environment interaction depression
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